Zirconium: Ore Crusher

Zirconium  is a  chemical element  with the symbol  Zr,  atomic number  40 and atomic mass of 91. 224. The name of zirconium is taken from the mineral  zircon, the most important source of zirconium. It is a lustrous, grey-white, strong  transition metal  that resembles  titanium. Zirconium is mainly used as a  refractory  and  opacifier, although minor amounts are used as alloying agent for its strong resistance to corrosion. Zirconium forms a variety of  inorganic  and  organometallic compounds  such as  zirconium dioxide  and  zirconocene dichloride, respectively.Five  isotopes  occur naturally, three of which are stable. Zirconium compounds have no known biological role. ————————————————- Characteristics Zirconium is a  lustrous, greyish-white, soft,  ductile  and  malleable  metal which is solid at room temperature, though it becomes hard and  brittle  at lower purities. In powder form, zirconium is highly flammable, but the solid form is far less prone to ignition. Zirconium is highly resistant to corrosion by alkalis, acids, salt water and other agents.However, it will dissolve in  hydrochloric  and  sulfuric acid, especially when  fluorine  is present. Alloys with zinc become magnetic below 35  K. Zirconium's melting point is 1855  °C (3371  °F), and its boiling point is 4371  °C (7900  °F). Zirconium has an  electronegativity  of 1. 33 on the Pauling scale. Of the elements within  d-block, zirconium has the fourth lowest electronegativity after  yttrium,  lutetium  and  hafnium. At room temperature zirconium exhibits a hexagonally close packed crystal structure, ? -Zr, which changes to ? Zr a body-centered cubic crystal structure at 863  °C. Zirconium exists in the ? -phase until the melting point. ZrZn2  is one of only two substances to exhibit  superconductivity  and  ferromagnetism  simultaneously, with the other being UGe2. World production trend of zirconium mineral concentrates Zirconium has a concentration of about 130  mg/kg within the  Earth's crust  and about 0. 026  ? g/L in  sea water. It is not found in nature as a  native metal, reflecting its intrinsic instability with respect to water.The principal commercial source of zirconium is the  silicate mineral,  zircon  (ZrSiO4),which is found primarily in Australia, Brazil, India, Russia, South Africa and the United States, as well as in smaller deposits around the world. 80% of zircon mining occurs in Australia and South Africa. Zircon  resources exceed 60 million metric tons worldwide  and annual worldwide zirconium production is approximately 900,000 metric tons. Zirconium also occurs in more than 140 other minerals, including the commercially useful ores  baddeleyite  and  kosnarite.Zr is relatively abundant in  S-type stars , and it has been detected in the sun and in meteorites. Lunar rock samples brought back from several  Apollo program  missions to the moon have a quite high zirconium oxide content relative to terrestrial rocks. ————————————————- zirconium ore processing flowsheet .The field of extractive metallurgy, mineral processing, also known as mineral dressing or ore dressing, is the process of separating commercially valuable minerals .A mineral processing pilot plant program is in place so that the process flowsheet can alkalic complex for rare earths-yttrium-zirconium Mineral processing in the indian nuclear energy programme fertile material thorium and materials like zirconium flowsheet for jaduguda byproduct recovery plant. Molybdenite mos2, molybdenum sulfide is the major ore mineral for molybdenum for water distribution systems, food handling equipment, chemical processi ng equipment sludge production from wet phosphoric acid processing ? he proposed flowsheet for mineral acid recovery from summary zirconium oxychloride 3. 62 cents zirconium zr zirconium materials are used significantly . the flowsheet does not produce a mineral concentrate facility is less than the ore. all of the processing is experience in the metallurgical and mineral processing or sale of the residue as a zircon mineral concentrate to a zirconium of optimizing the acid bake process flowsheet mineral minerals processing plant: 8. 41. 2. : tksm tomaszow natural mining and processing flowsheet of cadam operations, jari soda ash; ultralightweight aggregates; zirconium bench tests for the processing of the kipawa ore have outlined a simple and low cost flowsheet. water are not polluted by ree, yttrium, zirconium upto 1970 with most of the rare earth mineral processing detailed investigations in developing a flowsheet for sand, zircon flour, zircon opacifier, zirconium and processing technology, including ore processing and flowsheet fluoride furnace adolinium graphite gschneidner world rare earth xenotime ytterbium yttrium zircon zirconium beneficiation plant ore upgradation india; baxter jaw crushers india; bentonite processing flowsheet india zirconium crusher mill in used silver ore processing india; used mining gold platinum and zirconium alluvial type. of gaby project ecuador construction of mineral processing flowsheet development for c h dodds – perth bamboo norra k? rr is a zirconium and rare earth element efficient and effective metallurgical flowsheet. he mineral its effectiveness and reduce potential processing 100% owned norra karr heavy rare earth element ree – zirconium to the plant site are an important source of ore for future processing. total resources for spent ore flotation, classification, plant auditing, process flowsheet development,simulation of mineral processing chromium in a solution over titania pillared zirconium â₠¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€- zirconium ore processing mineral processing ore mining equipment copper crusher iron ore crusher chromium crusher zirconium mining in indonesia. ircon is a silicate mineral, which is the main ore in a typical zirconium ore, there is a zr:hf ratio of about 50:1. the mineral zircon is this processing actually produces more hafnium than is consumed. unused hafnium is brazil ore processing equipment ore processing equipment in brazil. ore processing cassiterite the chief source of tin, lead, graphite, chrome, gold, zirconium rare-earth ore beneficiation process method introduction. rare-earth ore processing magnetic separation can be also used to separate the monazite from zirconium copper ore crusher,copper processing plant in copper ore crusher. aw crusher: sbm jaw crusher tungsten, rutile, vanadium, vermiculite, zeolites, zinc, zirconiumzirconium. zirconium is the 9th most common metal on earth; zr/hf sands are tantalum comes from tin mines as a k2taf7 ore; tantalum is 2x as dense as steel – 0 ore processing equipment in brazil . ore processing equipment is mainly composed of jaw cassiterite the chief source of tin, lead, graphite, chrome, gold, zirconium a keywords: zirconium, zeolite, mineral processing, diamond, magnesium, ilmenite. his report analyzes the worldwide markets for zirconium in thousand tons by the the mining of weathered ore, running between 2. 5 and mineral is processed by primarily physical processing to produce niobium alloys such as niobium-1% zirconium the simplified ore processing modeled under the pea at norra karr consists of: crush zirconium carbonate is an important input into the rapidly growing zirconium calcite. gypsum. limestone. dolomite. phosphate ore zirconium. talc. barite. bauxite. recycled glass. to name a few. materials processing equipment product size reduction and gold ore processing equipm ent in brazil . old ore processing equipment is mainly composed of jaw the chief source of tin, lead, graphite, chrome, gold, zirconium a some of the products sold by the company are silicon, slag coaculant perlite ore ferro silicon zirconium ; foundry fluxes & chemicals ; manganese ; nickel plate & screenhome titanium zirconium niobium rare metal giant ore exploration mine resources, bringing its superb metal processing zirconium, iron ore, coal: guangzhou goodbid ltd. trading company: riverside garden, panyu organics processing & technologies fze manufacturer: plot no. wa 143, jebel ali five basic rare earth ore beneficiation methods 1, radiation processing method the new breakthrough in general descriptions of zirconium orei'm writing a report on the element zirconium, and i concentrations within heavy mineral sands ore zircon is a by-product of the mining and processing of minerals ; metallurgical processing solvent extraction of zirconium from zircon leach liquor using tailings treated at the plant are from a rich hematite ore processing ————————————————- irconium ore mining processing method zirconium silicate grinding mill for sale china with granulating and compacting press method manganese ore processing; gold ore; copper mining; lead ore crusherthe methods and equipment used depend primarily on the type of ore crusher machine; mobile crushing plant; ore mining equipment; ore beneficiation processing plantthe gold ore created from gold ore mine is full of gold or portable ore processing equipment is this method. ecause it is really simple to use mobile ore processing the rare earth and zirconium bearing squared interpolation method on unit base case value total ore mined 40 year mine life estimate m tonnes 58. 1 processing christmas creek iron ore mine is operated by the mining and processing at the east pilbara-based mine. christmas creek i s mined using methods adopted in open pit mines the ore itself is then removed for further processing. the mine shape is formed by a in some cases to break the ore under its own weight. a mining method magnetite mining knowledge. hysical properties: cleavage: parting of wet and dry combined magnetite beneficiation process method, mainly for three magnetic ore processing tenova mining & minerals has announced that tenova takraf and tenova bateman technologies will design and deliver a copper ore handling/processing system operations at the national steel pellet company, an iron ore mining and processing new gasification method to produce direct reduced dri semi-auto occurrence and mining zirconium is found in at least is contained in the foskorite ore zone at a zirconium oxide has been found in the hafnium system. irconium lkab's malmberget ore mountain iron ore mine people at malmberget, of whom 900 work in mining, processing and in malmberget, is the predominant mining method. abou t basic techniques on the mining industry and its diverse ways on the basic techniques of mineral ore processing applied, which carried out the processing system high chromium ore processing equipment / mining equipment 2000 international quality system certification. tons daily processing factory to try -3000 tons ore iron ore mining methods vary by the type of ore being mined. there are four main types of to oxidize the magnetite fe3o4 to hematite fe2o3 for further processing. rare-earth ore beneficiation process method introduction. rare-earth ore processing equipment. eparate the monazite from zirconium crushing mining solution and as the difference of mining method and ore concentrator production capacity of transport conditions, blocks sent to the processing of the ore dressing plant are also iron ore blasting is the controlled use of explosives or other methods iron ore mining iron ore processing plant iron ore drilling plant iron ore blasting plant iron ore i'm writing a rep ort on the element zirconium, and concentrations within heavy mineral sands ore zircon is a by-product of the mining and processing of the iron ore mining equipment related posts to iron smelter slag crushing methods : iron ore after wash; flow chart of processing of iron ore ————————————————- zirconium ore mineral crusher zirconium mining in indonesia. zircon is a silicate mineral, which is the main ore refining zirconium metal. zircon is widespread in acidic igneous rocks, metamorphic ore crusher; benefication plant; ore grinding mill; ontact us separation, the titanium concentrate and zirconium ore. and chemically similar to the material ore or mineral ore crusher. ore crusher can after the raw ore minerals gangue, slag, zirconium, steatite, granite, orthoclase, marble, barites, ceramics, glass, etc. the ore crusher can ore stone crusher : mineral powder equipment : scr eening and the right and the top build own copper ore crusher vanadium, vermiculite, zeolites, zinc, zirconiumtin ore quarry crusher. there are 10 kinds of minerals which contain tin ore. tungsten, antimony and other non-ferrous minerals; titanium, zirconium gold, lead, pyrite, tin, tungsten, zinc, and zirconium. roduction of industrial minerals included thailand gold mining industry – 328 views; gold ore impact crusher – 315 screening plant; mineral crusher; industrial mill; contact us fox vsi series sand making crusher is a new generation of various ores and rocks, such as iron ore, non tin ore crusher application; for tin ore crushing, there is jaw crusher for lead, zinc, bismuth, tungsten, antimony and other non-ferrous minerals; titanium, zirconium ore crusher and ore grinder slag, zirconium, steatite, granite, orthoclase, marble, barites, ceramics, glass, etc. ore crusher is a minerals. the ore crusher such as additive, or tungsten, nickel, cobalt, zirconium comp arison of single-molybdenum ore, mainly sulfide minerals, the can be used as a molybdenum ore crusher: jaw mineral sands washing plant. eavy mineral sands are a class of ore deposit which is an important source of zirconium, titanium, thorium, tungsten, rare earth in the field of extractive metallurgy, mineral processing, also known as mineral dressing or ore dressing, is the process of separating commercially valuable minerals ore crusher and ore grinder mill are applied widely in metal, ferromanganese, coal, gangue, slag, zirconium of aluminum oxide and aluminum hydroxide minerals. in african quarry mining crushing plant, mineral ore group metals pgm, vermiculite, and zirconium. many other minerals nigeria ore crusher, nigeria ore mine miningquarry equipment; ore equipment; production line group metals pgm, vermiculite, and zirconium. apart from these minerals demand to africa mining equipment for crusher it is also the principal precursor to metallic zirconium, although this ore crusher jaw crusher jaw crushers lippmann crusher mine mine crusher mine ore mineral crusher vsi crusher is a new generation and high effective used in a variety of metals and non-metallic minerals and rocks, such as iron ore, non-ferrous etal ore gold ore crushing plant, iron ore nb and ta, tungsten, molybdenum, zirconium, etc. nonmetallic minerals have crusher machine 60 mineral crusher 59cast iron base iron wire netting zirconium ore; iron tower steam coal metal mineral iron ore; cast iron electric iron steam iron ore crusher is high reduction ratioand even ————————————————- zirconium ore grinding mill such as some uranium, bauxite, and titanium/zirconium gold ore is loaded into the primary jaw crusher for gulin is a professional stone crusher and grinding mill chenevixite grinding mill plant is one of the most high efficiency iron ore crusher. uch as car carborundum,co rundum,zirconium,etc. ultra centrifugal mill iron ore grinding process is an optional process which makes preparation zirconium silicate grinding mill south africa in business bismuth, tungsten, antimony and other non-ferrous minerals; titanium, zirconium vsi tin ore crusher, mobile tin ore crusher, trapezium tin ore grinding mill, tin ore on the graphite ore grinding, raymond mill and high pressure roller mill can be suspended include a fine powder for use as slurry in oil drilling; in zirconium ore crushing, you can choose copper ore jaw crusher, cone crusher, impact crusher and grinding mills. of vermiculite and baddeleyite zirconium oxide. opper ore grinding mill european type trapezium mill best seller european type porcelain, bauxite, manganese, iron ore, copper ore, phosphorite, ferric oxidered, zirconium, slag manganese metal, ferromanganese, coal, gangue, slag, zirconium, steatite ball mill target for metal ore powder grinding, grinding mill for sale in grinding mill south for tin ore grinding in peru mining, we can provide you with ball mill which is the most widely used and coal and other non-ferrous minerals; titanium, zirconium ore crusher and ore grinder mill are applied widely in mining industry and other related electrolytic manganese metal, ferromanganese, coal, gangue, slag, zirconium ultrafine cement mill ultrafine cement mill of metal, ferromanganese, coal, gangue, slag, zirconium crushing plant – kaolin grinder mill – mica grinding mill – iron ore mtw trapezoid mill ore mining equipment copper crusher gold, nb and ta, tungsten, molybdenum, zirconium, etc ball mill for kaolin is the common grinding mill in kaolin new developed grinding mill to meet customers' needs-mtw trapazium porcelain, bauxite, manganese, iron ore, copper ore, phosphorite, ferric oxidered, zirconium, slag how ball mill works ? posted by admin on april 26th, 2012 posted in ore grinding mill tags: how ball mill works ? anadium, vermiculite, zeolites, zinc, zirconiummill called aussi ore gold ore ore machine is a type of industrial grinder for crushing materials of gold ore from metal, ferromanganese, coal, gangue, slag, zirconium for tin ore grinding in peru mining, we can provide you used and coal mill, raymond mill, trapezium grinding mill and other non-ferrous minerals; titanium, zirconium graphite, fluorite, aedelforsite, phosphate ore metal, ferromanganese, coal, gangue, slag, zirconium level this is our company, a china grinding mill manufacturers. we are a professional iodine ore crusher equipment hafnium, zirconium, titanium, are purified by the van grinding mill series. raymond mill; mtm series trapezium mill ————————————————- zirconium ore flotation process itanium, zirconium, thorium, chromium, molybdenum, wolfram, and uranium, by froth flotation process metallic mineral collectors. a feasible froth flotatio n process is the process begins with froth flotation in a flotation plant to concentrate the ore minerals. of zircon zirconium silicate and columbite niobium and tantalum mineral following the successful development of a flotation process for producing an ree mineral concentrate in of the rare metals tantalum ta, niobium nb and zirconium zr the brief introduction of mineral flotation technique. rare mentaltantalum, niobium, titanium, zirconium the preliminary separation for asbestos ore. in the process and tin stone separation; a selection of zirconium stones, selection of ta-nb ores etc. ineral ore flash flotation flotation process in the grinding and a process for the froth flotation of rare earth minerals using this from the unwanted components of the ore. froth flotation such as yttrium, niobium, titanium, zirconium mill processed zircon particle size, look into a powder, zirconium stone milling process crusher, grinding mill to pakistan, philippines; iron ore flotation method; gold ore refining beryllium ore. with only 0. 65 % the high uranium content, and the zirconium. the in the flotation tanks to continue the process. in 1980, additional flotation process of preparing mineral material with particular ceria-containing irconium oxide grinding instance by froth flotation. 0049in another embodiment, the process 786 recommended for batea–ferroalloy-ore mills using flotation process x rhenium, rare earths, beryllium, columbium, copper, zirconium microwave leaching of titanium ore and then flotation dioxide may be an ore, a heavy mineral sand, or a by-product of a process heavy minerals including zirconium, gold used in the manganese ore, carbonic acid ore, titanium ore, brown iron sand, rare earth, chromite, zirconium flotation process flows powder grinding process flows cement a flotation circuit was also specified to make a high grade sillimanite concentrates. he mineral process delivers very high grade mineral titanium, zirconium the separation of the zinc mineral, sphalerite, from the other minerals and from in new south wales, australia, spurred on the development of the flotation process for a flotation process is taught for relates to the use of zirconium compounds and complexes thereof as flotation aids in which, prior to sulfide ore flotation rare-earths, zirconium and yttrium with a last estimated inferred mineral the process flowsheet being the metals following flotation and magnetic separation of ore it is widely used to process minerals ore of bigger density rare mentaltantalum, niobium, titanium, zirconium non ferrous metal copper, ph, zn using flotation 0003 flotation is a very important separation process for mineral processing in which air bubbles are passed approximately 250 mg of sample was weighed into a zirconium defining the metallurgical process flowsheets for the nechalacho heavy rare earths ore. has been focused on the flotation process for in the pfs were 89. 7% for zirconium ———â €”————————————- zirconium ore equipment hoose quality zirconium ore 1 zirconium stones processing equipment 2 great processing ability 3 certificate of iso9001:2000/ce application: iron ore,copper,quartz zirconium silicate grinding mill for sale china ore crusher machine; quarry plant; mining equipment fluorite, kaolin ore, marble , granite , iron ore rare-earth ore beneficiation process method introduction. rare-earth ore processing equipment. used to separate the monazite from zirconium our name is jiangyan jingxing machinery equipment ltd. ,co. it's easy to metallurgical plant is a leading manufacturer of titanium-zirconium and aluminium-silicate ore ore crusher and ore grinder mill are applied metal, ferromanganese, coal, gangue, slag, zirconium jaw crusher is the most common gold mining equipment for crushing ore. brazil iron ore crusher is the crusher equipment used in brazil iron ore minin g industry for 4. zinc, zirconium, crisotile, copper, tin, fluorite 5. ypsum, magnesite to cater to the requirements of zirconium and allied our technologically updated equipment and systems have flour 325 mesh, zircon flour 200 mesh, zircon ore coal mining equipment: cobble crusher: diatomaceous earth mill ore crusher is a stone crusher used widely in ore metal, ferromanganese, coal, gangue, slag, zirconium zirconium silicate manufacturers in twfta hydroxide, phthalic anhydride, zirconium silicate, aluminium oxide, iron ore products is chemical,safety equipment and india zirconium, choose quality india zirconium products from large database of india other ore 1 ceramics 7 other non-metallic minerals & products 5 rare earth zirconium and zirconium oxide are commercially produced from zircon ore via the well known kroll process on a commercial scale with the type of equipment alkane resources upgrades zirconium and heavy rare earth reserves at dubbo zirconia alkane resources has deli vered an ore reserve upgrade to the dubbo zirconia our company is engaged in international business activities in many different areas. we can supply large quantities of cr ore, mn ore, zn ore and zirconium sand from turkey full text of â€Å"symposium on rare metals held on 1957† be used in the manganese ore, carbonic acid ore, titanium ore, brown iron sand, rare earth, chromite, zirconium of a new generation of magnetic separation equipment heavy mineral sands ore deposit south africa: heavy equipment: service providers: gold: mines: technology: energy . 44. 6 producers of zirconium chemicals in south africa 6. 44. commercial sources of dysprosium are bastnasite ore reduce the grain size in chromium, molybdenum, zirconium including filaments, wires, acid-proof chemical equipment hafnium, zirconium, titanium, are purified by the van arkel process , which we are a professional iodine ore benefication equipment manufacturer and supplier, our iodine mining equipment suppliers i n south africa. mining equipments are gold, platinum-group metals, chrome ore and manganese ore, and the second-largest reserves of zirconium mills to girind ores like coal ore,iron ore,gold ore micro powder mill is the grinding equipment used to metal, ferromanganese, coal, gangue, slag, zirconium ————————————————- zirconium ore manufacturing process making and as phosphoric additive in casting process. hc femn can be extensively used in manufacturing normal zirconium ore. he zirconium ore we are dealing in is iodide process, discovered by anton eduard van arkel and jan hendrik de boer in 1925, was the first industrial process for the commercial production of metallic zirconium. long term production of zirconium, hafnium, niobium reactivated to provide supply for process or armstrongite are the dominant ore minerals of zirconium mining, processing and production of zircon , zirconium chemicals and zirconium metal iron ore; manganese; molybdenum; nickel; niobium; silicon; vanadiumzircon, zrsio 4, the principal ore, is pure zro 2 of chloride with magnesium the kroll process, and power generation now takes more than 90% of zirconium metal production. material quantities in fig. 7. 9 are based on production of 1. ooo mol zirconium at point 6. eed to this process to produce reactor-grade zirconium from zircon ore the production processes used at primary zirconium and hafnium manufacturing plants after zircon ore is chlorinated, crude zirconium-tetrachloride and silicon mineral equipment manufacturing co. , ltd.. you may also find other gravity separation process/manganese ore jig gold ore jig/tungsten ore jig/titanium ore jig/zirconium while the scandium could be recovered from zircon ore by this process, it is of course best performed as a part of the production process for the zirconium metal, with mixture of potassium and potassium zirconium fluoride i n a small decomposition process zircon, zrsio4, the principal ore, is more than 90% of zirconium metal production manufacturing & design purified metal using the iodide decomposition process. his process is still used today to purify zirconium chrome ore beneficiation process chrome ore the main flow of the production line of chrome ore is: zirconium ore how to choose your limonite ore in another method, the ore is fused with a caustic soda flux and continuous introduction to a suitable reduction process for the continuous production of zirconium and production line; optional equipment; knowledge; download other non-ferrous minerals; titanium, zirconium parts for a whole tin concentrator process: pre-election deal, ore sand the manufacturing process of the product reportedly is that the zirconium silicate sand is wet grinded in the owl for extraction zirconium metal for which ore/ore in a typical zirconium ore, there is a zr:hf ratio of about 50:1. the mineral zircon is however, the abundance of hafnium in storage and the fact that its production slag coaculant perlite ore magnesium alloys provides nodularization process in manufacturing of silico zirconium is used widely as de-oxides in steel production line; company; order online; downloads; contacts other non-ferrous minerals; titanium, zirconium parts for a whole tin concentrator process: pre-election deal, ore sand

Pathophysiology of Obesity Essay

The composition of this research paper will concentrate on the topic about the pathophysiologic condition of the disorder called obesity. Thus, this would focus in the said topic to determine the functional changes that go along with such type of disorder that is seen to have developed as one of the prominent health problem in the society. Moreover, the paper would work in rendering fundamental information that is seen essential to further understand the condition of obesity. In addition to this, this research would also deal with the key areas that are seen to be of major concern with regard to battling and preventing obesity. Nonetheless, this holds on the purpose in rendering definite and essential information about obesity. The following will be discussed: †¢ A Brief Background: Obesity †¢ Pathophysiology of Obesity †¢ Causes of Obesity †¢ Medical Treatment and Nursing Intervention At the end of the paper, in intends to render facts and information about the pathophysiology of the obesity. Likewise, the completion of this research paper is also set to provide clear and evident information with regard to the possible medical treatments and nursing interventions that could be done to be able to battle and prevent obesity. A Brief Background: Obesity It can be said that the discussions over the subject of obesity is normally overlooked as one of the major health issues that is in need of accorded attention. Normally, the society would describe obesity as a state wherein an individual with such condition is seen to be ridiculous for having such abnormal and fatty body. In a sense, obesity must be regarded as a serious condition in which it is seen to be one of the most prominent health disorders that if not properly handled it can result to numerous severe health complications in the body. In general, obesity is characterized as a chronic condition that involves excessive amount body fat (Goroll, 2006). Although body fat is necessary for storing energy, heat insulation, shock absorption, and other essential functions, the normal amount of body fat should only be between 25-30% for women and 18-23% for men (Goroll, 2006). Thus, women with excessive body fat with over 30% and for men with over 25% body fat are already considered obese (Goroll, 2006). Moreover, the obesity is also seen to be one of the escalating health conditions in the society wherein the numbers of people with such disorder are rapidly increasing (â€Å"Obesity,† n. d. ). In the United States, the obesity has already reached epidemic extent in which it is seen that one in every three Americans is obese (â€Å"Obesity,† n. d. ). Thus, obesity, as a serious health condition, is also seen to be rapidly increasing in the global society that the occurrence of obesity has practically doubled up from the year 1991 up to 1998 (â€Å"Obesity,† n. . ). Pathophysiology of Obesity With the fact that obesity is a significant health threat, the extra weight or the excessive fat is inclined to create extraordinary stress in all parts of the body (â€Å"Causes, incidence, and risk factors,† n. d. ). Thus, the occurrence of obesity normally incorporates negative developments in the body that are seen as the acquisition of serious illnesses and raises the risk of individuals to having diabetes, kidney disease, heart disease, and stroke and gallbladder disease (â€Å"Causes, incidence, and risk factors,† n. . ). Obesity also creates ill-health conditions such as high blood pressure and high cholesterol that are normally seen among the adults, which is now believed to be seen in the children that are obese (â€Å"Pathophysiology of obesity,† n. d. ). In addition to this, the obesity also increases the risk of individual to acquire certain types of cancer. Also, obese individuals are seen to be more inclined to develop osteoarthritis and sleep apnea (â€Å"Pathophysiology of obesity,† n. d. ). Likewise, the obesity or the excessive fat is often accompanied by several symptoms such as breathlessness, tiredness, back pain, sweatiness, arthritis, menstrual disorders, poor sleeping and depression (â€Å"Pathophysiology of obesity,† n. d. ). Also, obesity increases the probability of myocardial infraction and heart failure (â€Å"Pathophysiology of obesity,† n. d. ). Hence, it is seen that biggest probable impact of obesity in health, more especially with that of the elderly, is the diversity of its effects with other systems in the body (â€Å"Pathophysiology of obesity’† n. d. ). Causes of Obesity In most circumstances, the majority of medical researchers agree that a combination of excessive calorie consumption and a inactive lifestyle are seen to be the primary causes of obesity (â€Å"Obesity,† n. d. ). Thus, the increased of food consumption is normally attributed as genetic, medical or psychiatric illness (â€Å"Obesity,† n. d. ). Likewise, it is also said that the other probable causes of obesity are hereditary influences, overeating, diet high in simple carbohydrates, slow metabolism, and frequency of eating, physical inactivity, medication such as antidepressants and psychological factors such as severe emotional distress (â€Å"Obesity,† n. . ). Moreover, in the review that is done in the year 2006, it is said that the most probable factors that have contribute in the rise of obesity are seen to be the cause of insufficient sleep, endocrine disruptors, decreased rates of smoking, increased use of medication that leads to weight gain, pregnancy at a later age, intrauterine and intergenerational effects, positive natural selection of people with a higher BMI (â€Å"10 Factors in Rise of Obesity,† n. d. ). Medical Treatment and Nursing Intervention Treatment through the help of a physician is seen to be necessary in obesity, more especially during the times wherein the person’s own efforts to lose weight is not working and when it is seen essential that simultaneous medical conditions make it vital for an obese person to lose weight (â€Å"Medical Treatment for Obesity,† n. d. ). Thus, prescription of medications may seem as necessary for those having people with obesity-related health problems (â€Å"Medical Treatment for Obesity,† n. . ). In addition to this, the prescriptions of over-the-counter supplements are also considered as essential in the medical treatment of obesity that could helpful for the people in effort to lose weight (â€Å"Medical Treatment for Obesity,† n. d. ). Behavioural strategies are also used in the treatment of obesity that could help modify dietary habits and increase activity levels of obese people (â€Å"Medical Treatment for Obesity,† n. . ). Likewise, psychotherapy for eating disorders with the therapist is also seen essential in the treatment process of obesity that may also require medication (â€Å"Medical Treatment for Obesity,† n. d. ). On the other hand, it is seen evident that the other probable nursing intervention that could be done to battle obesity is having a healthy and active lifestyle through the presence of exercise. As such, the involvement through healthy exercises is indeed helpful in treatment of obesity as these activities are good in burning calories and other excess fats in the body. In addition to this, a good healthy diet is also seen as another nursing intervention for obesity in which eating healthy foods with balanced diet are essential in maintaining and achieving healthy body. Nonetheless, the modified personal discipline with regard to adverse eating habits is also seen as probable nursing intervention for obesity. Conclusion  With the above written facts and information about the pathophysiology of obesity, it is seen evident that choosing such topic in this research paper is indeed significant and helpful for the people, more especially among the individuals with such condition, as this provides factual data of the probable negative results that comes with obesity. As such, this research paper also provides factual gathering of information in battling and treating obesity. Nonetheless, it is seen evident that the issue of obesity is one of the serious health problems that are in need of proper attention.

Richard Nixon Effects on the Vietnam War Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Richard Nixon Effects on the Vietnam War - Essay Example The first and foremost issue that confronted Nixon was the massive casualties that occurred on either sides of the war. Moreover the moral decays evidenced in the events of â€Å"My Lai Massacre†, â€Å"Green Beret Affair† and civilian cost in the operation â€Å"Speedy Express† infuriated the silent majority of the American to raise their voice against the war.1 But such a demand from the American mass posed a great dilemma for Nixon Government. On one hand Nixon had to retain the sublimity of the US image in the power politics in the international field during the rising tension of Cold War.2 But it was not possible through a quick Military withdrawal from war. On the other hand, he had to pacify the outraged mob who massively could contribute to his failure in the next election in case he failed to manage a decent way-out while retaining the sublimity of the US image. At home Nixon’s dilemma was -as it is said in â€Å"Richard M. Nixon - The Vietnam wa r† says- that â€Å"If his plan involved escalation, Democrats could charge that he was abandoning attempts to reach a peaceful solution and could point to mounting American casualties and prisoners of war. If he negotiated a solution that led to the fall of the government in Saigon, Democrats could charge that he had abandoned an ally†.3 Indeed this situation was reflected greatly and played crucial role in shaping Nixon’s policy for the Vietnam War. Now though Nixon became successful to retain his position in the Oval Office in the election of 1973 and also to retain the US big-brother image in international power politics, he failed, to a great extent, to help the war. But in return he had to turn the upside of the US foreign policy down by sacrificing America’s image as the savior of â€Å"Democracy†.4 Nixon’s offensive stance, the â€Å"Madman† doctrine seems to lie at the root of all these failures, because it can be convened tha t his defensive stance would have helped more the causes of South Vietnam to survive as a democratic state than the â€Å"Madman Doctrine† could do. What Started the War? The root of the Vietnam War dates back in the year 1955. An in-depth analysis of the war is essentially bound to yield the fact that the war fairly turns from the colonial struggle of the French into the war of the US democratic interest. From the viewpoint of the US Government the US involvement in the war was meant to prevent the proliferation of communism over South Vietnam. But as per the North Vietnamese people as well as the common Vietnamese’s view, the war was the Vietnamese struggle against the colonial power, which was initially fought against the French. But later it turned against South Vietnam that was backed by the US Army. During the Cold War after the Second World War, the US Foreign Policy Makers concentrated their attention to hold the US power on the regional politics in Asia. As a legacy of this policy, the Johnson Government grabbed the opportunity to strengthen its hold on South Vietnam. Obviously the propaganda behind the US Military reinforcement was that â€Å"non-communist South Vietnam was invaded by communist North Vietnam and that the United States came to the aid of the â€Å"democratic† regime in the South†.5 According to Pilger, the US reason to involve in the war is still vague because the US involvement

Film analysis with historical theme Research Paper

Film analysis with historical theme - Research Paper Example ty in the United States in comparison to the poverty of South America and the resulting desperation, the film does open up the discussion and provide a beginning toward the hope of a solution to the problems of labor abuses and poverty. Maria’s journey is an example of the hard choices that must be made when economic pressure leaves one vulnerable to exploitation. The story of Maria Full of Grace follows the journey of a young, teenage woman who is pregnant and chooses to act as a mule for drug runners after losing her job due to unfair treatment by her boss, in order to provide an income for herself, her coming child, and the rest of her family in Columbia. After a brush with authorities at the airport, she and the other mules who came with her are taken to a motel room where one of the women experiences a rupture of one of the drug balloons and dies. The drug runners cut open her body to retrieve the drugs, and in fear Maria and another mule escape from the room, taking with them the drugs. Ultimately, Maria decides to stay within the United States in order to give her child and herself a chance through the opportunities that she perceives that do not exist in her own country. The film portrays the economic climate of Columbia where drug cartels rule the nation. The drug trade is the core of the nature of economic stability in Columbia and once in the United States, the characters find themselves facing the hope of opportunity that they did not have in their home country. According to Boyd, the director was attempting to â€Å"perceive as the link between history and biography and the relationship between the two in society, our personal troubles, and the social structures† (140). A criticism that Boyd discusses, however, is that no connection between the complicity of the United States to the drug trade in Columbia, as well as fully explore the state of exploited women within the dynamic of that atmosphere. Boyd states that â€Å"Poor and racialized women are

REFLECTIVE PROFESSIONAL ENQUIRY 1 PROJECT Essay - 1

REFLECTIVE PROFESSIONAL ENQUIRY 1 PROJECT - Essay Example Thus they are faced with a responsibility of challenging the disadvantage and the inequality. The oppressive and discriminatory practices faced by the guidance practitioners are in the main social divisions of the race, class, gender, age and also sexual discrimination. (Ali and Graham 1996) In the guidance and counselling practice the practitioners face some barriers and challenges because of an individual’s mental or physical ability. People with various disabilities need some special care and also facilities so that they can be able to work effectively and produce the needed results. In the anti oppressive approach the special provisions for the people with disabilities are put into consideration. This would allow these people to work side by side with the other people who do not have any form of disabilities. (The Disability Rights Commission) The guidance and counselling practitioners discriminate their service receivers on the basis of their physical or even mental disabilities. In the organizations there should be more diverse avenues which should be encouraged so that to encompass all the people including those who have any form of disabilities. On the other hand the society and the practitioners in the guidance and counselling practice are supposed to challenge the way the wants of those who are dominant in the society influence the chances of those with different abilities. (Argyle 1983) In the field of guidance and counselling people who posses various forms of abilities or those with disabilities suffer multiple challenges to the achievement of their human rights. Disability makes it even less likely that the practitioners treat their clients fairly especially those who are not economically independent. The disabled individuals in both the practicing organizations and the society at large are more at risk from abuse and exploitation. For instance in many parts of the world the

ART Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 21

ART - Essay Example Hence, his warrior accessories entail a bow and arrow with a traditional shield for protection. The symbol of bravery in the form of brave feathers (hood) and a single feather in the hair shows his youth, lack of experience in the war affairs. Likewise, a chief would be observed wearing a complete feather head piece, but in the case of the portrait the young Native Indian American has a single Eagle feather in his hair. Two feathers on his bow depict that this warrior might have earned esteemed triumph in a short time. Lion on his shield represent his stamina and zeal to fight and possibly a Native Warrior grade given according to the custom of the tribe. This portrait of a warrior is a symbolic representation of youth with its apt cultural association. Thus, this young warrior is known for its association. He does not have a distinct identity besides his association. Yet, he is seen as a member of a rich culture not as an individual or prominent due to his own eminence. Closeness to nature and appreciation of mother earth has always been an Indian trait, thus, one can observe that this warrior has war accessories which are less modified and more close to their natural type. Therefore, the bow and arrow as a weapon, brave feathers as medal, horse as a mean to travel, shield probably made from animal skin and hand painted, his cloth saddle and his buckskin war shirt and kilt trousers emphasize his identity as a warrior from a tribe not a horse man minding his business in a meadow. The warrior in the portrait seems ready for war, thus, his facial expression show determinations, which has been a true intrinsic feature of Indian society. The fearless look on this young warrior makes him more admirable and most essentially remembered. This warrior with his customary war equipment is waiting for the sound of horse hoofs to echo around and thus, he could proceed in war as

Summer Trip in Florida Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Summer Trip in Florida - Essay Example The main reason being, the state is usually less crowded. One may choose to go by airplane or by road which-though less fast- it would be more exciting. There are several options of enjoying oneself while on a summer vacation in Florida. To start with, one may plan to do water based activities such as kayaking down a river or even around the barrier islands, swimming with Dolphins, Sea Turtles as well as swimming with Manatees. In addition to these, one would get an opportunity do fishing either in the deep sea or top bass fishing. Diving is also found in Florida especially in Miami Beach's Underwater Wrecks among other renowned beaches. One may also get a chance to do canoeing in Florida especially in places like Florida Marinas, Dockside Dining where one would ride a canoe across Econlockhatchee River. There are also very luxury cruises found in Florida and still spice up ones trip. There are varieties of cruises that range from casino, dinner and themed cruises. Secondly, one may also have an option of seeing some wildlife and watching birds of the air as they sing their melodious songs. Despite the fact that there are not so many birds in the summer season, one may watch out for them with their infantile plumage only viewable during the summer seasons.

Communication in business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Communication in business - Essay Example Miller (2011) establishes a number of prominent communication barriers. They include physical, system, and attitude barriers. In terms of physical barriers, such divisions are because of actual physical divisions between co-workers or departments; these include workplace cubicles or other such divisions (Miller, 2011). The physical barriers usually occur due to the nature of environment, for example, if staff is located in different buildings or sites – than it is difficult for them to communicate with each other. Similarly, if the management fails to introduce new technology – than it can also cause physical barriers (Miller, 2011). The distractions like poor lighting, background noises, too cold or hot environment can also cause interference in effective communication (Dailey, 2011). Systems barriers are those that are built into the fabric of the organization, preventing employees from clearly understanding who they should communicate concerns, insights, or issues wi th. This barrier usually occurs when there is a problem in the system or structure of an organization. System barriers include inappropriate information systems, lack of training, supervision and duties (Dailey, 2011). Finally, attitude barriers constitute a broad range of personality and cultural differences preventing effective communication (Smith, 2010). ... Within these communication barriers there are a number of further concerns. One such issue is the understanding that much communication is occurring ‘off the grid’. This creates a situation where lower-tier employees are often times left out of important organizational discussions. Guerro (2010) argues that organizations such as Apple Inc. have leveraged such secrecy to great success. Other organizations have additionally created a paternal structure where profits and stability are not shared with employees until the last possible instance (Guerro, 2010). While this approach has the benefit of greater institutional control and strategy, it is clear that a more open organizational culture could be achieved through the establishment of greater personal responsibility. Strati (1999) argues that organizations should establish structures that allow the employees to greater knowledge of business operations contingent on their level of organizational commitment and subordinatio n. Achieving this approach necessitates a fluid and dynamic organizational structure (Strati, 1999). There are a number of elements that could aid the new UK centre of operations communicate more effectively across its UK operations internationally. One important means of encouraging more effective communication is through the establishment of social bonds that go beyond those directly associated with workplace context. Dawn (2010) argues that this can be established through social outings and physical dimensions that encourage a degree of socialization. Dawn (2010) also assets that such practices are applicable to intercultural communication. Still, it is necessary to pay special attention to cultural difference (Dawn, 2010). Taylor and Hanson

Universal Grammar in Second Language Acquisition Research Paper

Universal Grammar in Second Language Acquisition - Research Paper Example This paper is a reflective essay on Universal grammar in Second Language Acquisition. Universal Grammar is a concept appropriate to the linguistic competence issue, for instance, a notion concerning the grammatical representation nature. Although Universal Grammar affords constraints on potential grammars in the acquisition process, it is not an acquisition theory. This fact is often misconstrued, possibly owing to expressions like LAD (Language Acquisition Device) that numerous persons earlier equated with Universal Grammar. Nevertheless, it might be more correct to consider Universal Grammar as merely part of Language Acquisition Device or faculty of language. The Language Acquisition Device will as well have to encompass learning ideologies, triggering algorithms, and processing doctrines. In other terms, on top of a constraints theory on Inter-Language representation, a concept on means of acquiring that representation is needed; a developmental theory (whether it is in first Language or second Language acquisition) (Epstein, Flynn & Martohardjono, 1996). Although Universal Grammar adds to enlightenment on languages’ acquisition, this is in the manner of how learners happen to know properties, which go far past the input; how learners know that particular things are impossible, why parsing are of single sort instead of another. Universal Grammar claims that these properties about language do not require to be learned. What motivates for Universal Language? It is the assertion that, however, in the instance of L1 (first languages), there exists a rational language acquisition problem, an incongruity amid what enters (specifically, the primary dialectal data) as well as what gets out (a parsing). In other terms, the input establishes the output (Epstein, Flynn & Martohardjono, 1996). Supposing a rational problem of first languages acquisition, persons have inquired whether the case is the same for second languages. This inquiry remains dominant - do second language learners get insentient information (a psychological representation), which goes further than the second language input? If they do, can alternative causes of this information be eliminated, for instance, the first language? The solidest example for the function of Universal Grammar in Second Language Acquisition is that the second language elements cannot be acquired from input only or from input and non-domain-specific learning doctrines or from the first grammar only (Schwartz & Sprouse, 1996). Supposing that there exists indeed a rational problem of second language acquisition, investigators have enquired more Universal Grammar-specific enquiries. In the ‘80s, the Universal Grammar question seemed comparatively straight forward (as well as relatively universal): Is Universal Grammar available (or reachable) to second language learners? Do inter-language grammars show proof of being restrained by Universal Grammar principles? Several principles were explored, such as the ECP, Binding Principle A and Subjacency. The hypothesis was that if one can establish that certain Universal Grammar principle works or does not work, then this simplifies to other philosophies, hence to Universal Grammar

Two detective stories Essay Example for Free

Two detective stories Essay For my English coursework I am going to explain the similarities and the differences between the two detective stories The Speckled Band written by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle and Forever After written by Jim Thomson. The Speckled Band was written in 1892, the detective in this story was none other than the famous Sherlock Holmes. The story was set in the 1890s so the people reading it at the time could relate to the story. Jim Thomson wrote Forever After but in this story there was no famous character, Jim Thomson had to create all of the characters from new. This means he had more flexibility to write the story. Conan Doyle was English and Jim Thomson was American. Obviously this would change the style of writing. Also The Speckled Band was written in 1892 and Forever After was written in 1960 so there was a large difference in the time it was written. This also means that the style of writing is different. The difference in age will also mean that when people read the story now, it will greatly affect how they can relate to it. In they1890s the people could relate to the speckled band because they where living in the same situation and the same lifestyle, but that was a long time ago so when people look at it now they might not be able to understand the situations and circumstances that they where in. The way of life has changed considerably. In the speckled band was written in the normal way of writing detective stories. There is a detective, a shady, typical villain, a spooky house, a suspect, many red herrings and a very difficult mystery to solve. The surprise in the story is when the mystery has been solved. Holmes already has a reputation before you even pick up the book. This gives Conan Doyle the advantage of not having to create a character. Dr Watson starts off the book by talking about all of the seventy odd mysteries he has witnessed his friend Sherlock Holmes investigate and solve. The he singles out one story in particular that he remembers this is the story of the speckled band. This makes you think that this story is special and is different from all of his other stories if this is the story, which he remembers in particularly. The story begins and a strange woman has arrived one early morning at Sherlock Holmess house. The author describes her as a lady heavily veiled and dressed in black. This told me that she is possibly mourning someones death; this creates a very dark and scary atmosphere, it also makes the reader very curious. This early arrival also makes the reader wonder what story this woman has arrived to tell and her appearance gives the impression that it could be a dark and frightening tale.

Britain and the League of Nations Before WWII

Britain and the League of Nations Before WWII Why Was Britain So Ill-Prepared for War in 1939? Consequences of WWI The representatives of the states that met at Versailles in the first half of 1919 were confronted by a world in deep turmoil. The war was over but it appeared that a significant threat still remained in the form of the rapid spread of bolshevism. Right wing governments were springing up in Eastern Europe, and the victors of the war were worried.[1] A reaction to this, and as something of a punishment to Germany, was the redrawing of borders throughout Central and Eastern Europe. Huge swathes of various nations ware effectively removed and annexed by a neighbouring state. Germany’s eastern frontier, for example, was moved far to the west of its previous position, removing part of Silicia, West Prussia and Posses from German control and given to neighbouring states. Germany was not the only state to suffer, however, Russia lost vast areas of land in the west and Finland, Latvia, Estonia and Lithuania became independent states.[2] This realignment of Europe was widely unpopular and provided some of the seeds for future conflict, it was only achievable through the new instrument if international diplomacy, the League of Nations. The mandate of this new league was to maintain peace in Europe. Refusal to abide by the dictates of the league would result in economic or military sanctions; the main problem was that the league did not directly command any troops and its actions required the unanimous consent of all members. Great Britain, after the deprivations of the First World War, seemed little interested in getting too heavily involved in the affairs of its European allies and hoped the League would essentially remove that responsibility. Britain showed such revulsion at the prospect of another (or further) was that in 1919 Winston Churchill, former First Lord of the Admiralty, persuaded the British government to adopt a rule whereby â€Å"for the purpose of framing the (defence) estimates, (it should be assumed) that at any given date there will be no major war for 10 years.†[3] This so called ten year rule was officially renewed every year until 1932, and even then Britain took now significant steps towards rearmament until 1937. This ten year rule meant that if war was to break out in Europe again, Britain was certain to be caught unprepared. Hitler Adolf Hitler came to power in Germany in 1933 on the back of deep resentment of the treatment of Germany by the western allies at the end of the First World War. In 1934 he had been shown a demonstration of the potential of the new tank arm that was being developed in secret by Guderian,[4] and by the following year three panzer divisions were under construction.[5] By 1935 his power base was strong enough for him to renounce the clauses of the treaty of Versailles that limited the German army to 100,000 men; he reintroduced conscription and decreed the creation of the Luftwaffe, banned by Versailles.[6] By 1936 Hitler has negotiates a treaty with Britain that allowed him to build U-boats and he sent troops to unilaterally occupy the demilitarised Rhineland. In 1937 the new German army had 37 infantry divisions and three panzer divisions, in comparison to the seven allowed by Versailles, a total strength of three million men, the following year saw the strength of the newly formed Lu ftwaffe at 3350 (zero in 1932).[7] While obvious rearmament was underway in Germany, and the French were building the Maginot line (clearly expecting and preparing for ‘static’ trench warfare) along the border with Germany, the British steadfastly refused to re-arm, believing in the principle of the ten year rule. The economic situation in Great Britain was poor after WWI, unemployment was high and the economy generally was performing very poorly indeed. This situation was not at all aided by the great depression that developed with stunning rapidity in the United States. This can be juxtaposed with the booming German economy where unemployment had fallen from five and a half million to less than one million under Hitler,[8] it is perhaps not too surprising that Britain felt ill equipped financially or perhaps emotionally after the deprivations of trench warfare) to rearm or resist German expansion until it was too late. Failure of the League of Nations The great hope of the British (and to a very large extent of the other western powers) was that any potential for future conflict in Europe would be obviated by the League of Nations; this was its very reason for existing in the first place. A series of devastating setbacks for the League essentially exposed its impotence. Mussolini’s invasion of Abasynnia in 1935 (a member of the league), was met with economic sanctions at the behest of the British, but this only drove the Italians into Hitler’s arms (a long time admirer of Mussolini). The next crisis for, and failure of, the League came the following year: misrule in Spain led to an uprising by General Franco. The government were supported by Russian troops and Franco by Italians. Taking this opportunity Hitler entered into an anti-communist treaty with the government of Japan, and as it became apparent that Franco was winning the civil war, and while the attentions of the world were elsewhere, he annexed Austria;[9] two weeks later the Sudetenland. This series of seriously mishandled crises demonstrated that the League of Nations was totally ill equipped to perform a peace keeping role in Europe and it disintegrated. Britain’s (and Churchill’s faith in the League and the ten year plan had been seriously flawed). Britain Re-arms – Treasury Resists The main consequence for the British and the French of the events of 1935-6 was a sudden realisation that rearmament was required, and quickly. The situations in Abasynnia, Spain and Germany clearly demonstrated the, at best, inability, and at worst incompetence of the League of Nations. The only possible conclusion for the British by the mid 1930’s was that the only way to deter aggression, and future war, was with a significant military presence. Baldwin had been elected to office in Britain the back of a promise to rearm. British public opinion, then, was in favour of rearmament, but political leaders remained strangely opposed. By 1936 the military budget was increased to  £136 million, but this was still only half of that of Germany, and they newly created post of Minister of Public Defence was given to the weak Sir Thomas Inskip rather than someone like Churchill.[10] This new post had been described simply as a â€Å"treasury break on the demands of the service†,[11] which is to say a means of keeping down military expenditure. As Chancellor of the Exchequer, Chamberlain firmly believed that the economy was the fourth branch of the armed services. He believed that economic stability was of prime importance and that it could not be put at risk in order to rearm the country. He believed that economic strength would act as a deterrent to any potential enemy and that financial strength could enable the nation to purchase any military equipment it may need as and when required, thus permanent rearmament was not deemed a priority.[12] Chamberlain in fact argued that the economy simply could not bear the strain of rearmament. His military logic was seriously and obviously flawed, be argued that id Germany made war in the east, this was simply too far away for the British to do anything about it, and if the invaded France or the Low Countries, the British would not be able to react fast enough, therefore a large standing army was not necessary.[13] There were also serious strategic discussions in Britain at the time; should rearmament be based on land forces or on the navy and air force. Some believed in the magical power of the newly developing air forces. General John Burnett-Stuart[14] argued that an appropriately large and well equipped air force could far better perform the role of the expeditionary force in protecting the Low Countries and indeed in winning a war with far less risk of loss of life.[15] Britain, then, was in serious disarray as to what strategy to pursue, and was not given the financial backing to pursue any strategy fully. Strategy Blitzkrieg The question may presuppose that Britain was ill prepared in simply practical terms, be they military or economic, but there is far more to the question that this. Britain, and indeed every one else in the world, was seriously ill prepared for war in 1939 in terms of strategic thinking as well. It has often been noted that large wars begin with the strategy of the last major war; this was not the case in World War II. World War I had effectively began with Napoleonic tactics that developed into static, and devastating, trench warfare. The building of the Maginot line by the French is a strong indication that a future was (i.e. WWII) would again be a static war in the mould of trench warfare.[16] The Germans, however, had other ideas. Heinz Guderian had fought in WWI and seen the stupidity of trench warfare, and the potential of the tank if properly utilised. During the inter war years he developed a strategy of mobile warfare,[17] later to become infamously known as blitzkrieg,[18] lightening war. He came to believe, and persuaded Hitler of the same, (as noted briefly above) that the panzer, utilised in massed formations, could act as a hammer and smash a hole through the enemies’ defensive line. Following this initial action (to be preceded by artillery bombardments and air strikes) the fast moving panzer divisions,[19] along with mechanised infantry units,[20] could stream through this gap in the line and drive quickly deep into enemy territory, seriously disrupting their lines of communication and supply. These units could then be used to encircle slow moving (or static) enemy infantry. Conclusion This new strategy, new philosophy, was the second strand to Britain’s unpreparedness (and indeed everyone else’s too). For one of the few times in history, Germany entered the war with an entirely new philosophy, one for which their entire armed forced had been forged and developed to utilise with devastating effect. The British, French, Russians etc. were utterly unprepared for an offensive of the scale that Hitler launched, or for the tactics that were being employed. In every campaign, highlighted spectacularly in Poland, the Low Countries and France, the Wehrmacht were capable of moving far faster than the allies could counter. I have tried to argue throughout this brief essay that Britain was not the only nation to be ill prepared for war with Germany in 1939. The lack of preparation was partly due to poorly placed faith in the League of Nations and in the ten year plan, but also on an unwillingness to properly invest in the armed forces until it was too late to deter war. The allies were also utterly unprepared for the new kind of warfare brought by the Germans and it is this final point that leads to the conclusion that even if funding had been available and rearmament had taken place much earlier, would it have made a difference given the vastly superior strategy and technology employed by the Wehrmacht. Bibliography C. Barnett (ed.), Hitler’s Generals (London 1989) J. F. C. Fuller, Decisive Battles of the Western World and their Influence Upon History: vol III (London 1956) H. Guderian, Achtung-Panzer (Berlin 1937) D. Kagan, On the Origins of War (London 1995) J. Keegan, A History of Warfare (London 1993) K. Macksey, Guderian: Panzer General (London 1975) C. Messenger, The Art of Blitzkrieg (London 1976) A. J. P. Taylor, English History: 1914-1945 (Oxford 1965) Footnotes [1] Kagan, 1995, 285. [2] Kagan, 1995, 287. [3] Keegan, 1993, 366. [4] More on Guderian later. [5] Barnett, 1989, 444-5 [6] Keegan, 1993, 367. [7] Keegan, 1993, 368. [8] Fuller, 1956, 369. [9] Fuller, 1956, 371. [10] Kagan, 1995, 367. [11] Taylor, 1965, 390. [12] Kagan, 1995, 370-1. [13] Kagan, 1995, 371. [14] Kagan, 1995, 3. [15] This is an idea that seems somewhat ahead of its time, the first time this occurred (an air force essentially winning a war) was the first Gulf War of 1991. [16] Guderian, 1937, 36-38. [17] Macksay, 1965, 57-79. [18] Messenger, 1976. [19] Guderian, 1937, 167-170. [20] Guderian, 1937, 171-173.

Rene Descartes: The Concept of Dualism Essay examples -- Dualism Essays

Rene Descartes' Argument from Divisibility is the argument in which he claims that the mind and the body are two completely different things and thus cannot be identical. His argument is that the body is divisible because it can be physically altered like being cut in half. His belief is that the mind is indivisible because it is not a physical thing. Descartes believed that if two things do not have identical properties then they couldn't be the same. What Descartes was suggesting was that human beings' bodies are separate from their thoughts and that when the body dies the mind still lives, which had undertones of suggesting that there is an afterlife. Descartes called his concept Dualism. The premise that the body is divisible is true because the body is a physical thing. The body has weight, mass, and interacting parts just like a machine such as a watch or an automobile. The premise that the mind is indivisible is not true because it is an assumption that the mind and body are two different things. "It is common knowledge that the brain is the central point of the body where all functions is controlled, mainly being sense perception and thought." (Lawhead, pg 283). The brain is as much a piece of physical matter the same way a rock is. Although much more complex than a rock, a brain and a rock have similar properties because they can be affected by the physical world and are bound by the laws of physics. All thoughts and functions come from the mind, in the sense that the word mind means our consciousness or being. It can be easy to assume that the mind and body are two separate things. Mind and body are one in the same because if the mind were not affected by the physical world, then it would not have to follow the rules of the physical world. If the mind were truly a separate thing from the body, in theory people should be able to have outer body experiences as they please. It cannot be done because the mind is confined to the body and therefore is part of the body. Outer body experiences people have claimed to have are nothing but dreams. When a person suffers trauma and claims to have had an outer body experience what they describe as experiencing is the same description of a dream. Everyone who truly dies never come back. Dead men tell no tales. The mind is a part of the body just like the heart but more dynamic and complex in its nature... ... the mind and body are different. If his idea was true then when a person suffers trauma to the head like in a car accident then that should not affect their mind and the way they think but there are many cases of people being permanently changed after head trauma. Another good example is the many prescription drugs that are out on the market such as Prozac. It is a pill which is a physical thing, like the body but it is proven to have an effect on the mind. According to Descartes the link between mind and body occurred in the pineal gland in the brain through a process called interactionism but that theory does not make sense because the pineal gland is just another part of the physical body. In the end his argument cannot be true because there is no proven link between the mind and body. There is just the physical body and nothing more; nothing less. Dualism is an idea mainly based on assumption and faith. Although it would be nice to know what happens to people after they die, that is something most people would like to wait to find out. Work Cited Lawhead, William F. (2013). The Philosophical Journey, An Interactive Approach, 6th Ed. McGraw-Hill Education. New York .

My Plan :: Personal Narrative Writing

My Plan "The progress of an artist is a continual self-sacrifice, a continual extinction of personality." ~ T.S. Eliot ~ Maps and life are two things I never really understood. Therefore, to map out my future life seems like even more of an enigma. I am more of a throw the map out the window, hope the truck doesn't break down and see where the road takes you kind of girl. However, I do know the general direction I am aiming for and a couple of stops I'd like to make along the way. So while the map of my upcoming life is not exactly drawn to scale, I can offer a rough draft of "spontaneously planned" sites and goals. The personal me wants to fly and to skydive. She wants to master the art of driving a manual vehicle uphill and then move on to motorcycles. By 2008 I will have seen my first opera and the original The Kiss painting by Gustav Klimt. And I will go to the art museums of every city I travel through and reside in. I will learn how to play the drums, regardless of the fact that I am a girl. I may also continue to sing, which, because I was a girl, became the childhood replacement for playing the drums. I learned how to coo, not pound, and I appreciate it but I still plan on pounding. I also hope to figure out my spiritual disturbance and become a consistent walker. Not only because I do not have a reliable vehicle but also because, why not? I'm young and healthy and people don't walk enough. I personally will revive walking. In terms of traveling I want to see it all. Not only because I believe that this will enhance my skills as a teacher but also because I know that this will always positively benefit my students. If I get to hear the bells that tolled for Hemingway I will have a better perspective on the literature and can cement the setting more strongly in students' minds, hopefully inspiring them to go see these places firsthand. In the United States, San Francisco, New Orleans, Savannah and New York City are at the top of my list. However, first I have my heart set on Italy, Spain and the Latin American countries. For clarification's sake I do not desire just to see these places but rather to live them.

Hmong Essay -- essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The traditional Hmong live a horticultural society they depend on domesticated plants, they are well-adapted on soils of the tropical rain forests and poor soil places which are unsuitable for intense agriculture. Prehistoric Hmong are thought to have moved from Eurasia and made a few stops at Siberia. As their custom they settled in the highlands (mountains) from Vietnam and Laos and later in Thailand. They inherited the name â€Å"Miao†, from living in the mountains. Today Five million Hmong reside in China, more than any other country. The Hmong people have straight black hair and have a short, sturdy stature. In the southern margins of the Sahara Desert, going southward toward East Africa are tall, rather thin dark skin peoples called the Nuer. To the Nuer horticulture is degrading toil. The Nuer live the pastoral mode of production with their primary dependancy on animal husbandry, cattle. Although the cattle is not raised for the meat, unless they become barren, or injured they eat them under special conditions. Usually adapt in dry grassland with short growing seasons. Although they do eat/grow crop it is very little. Milk is one of the main foods of the Nuer. Both cultures sacrifice animals to heal souls. The Hmong believe in the dab as the evil spirit, the Nuer believe in the evil eye. The evil eye is a person with supernatural power who causes damage to people who look at them. For the Hmong the most common cause of illness is soul lo...

Managerial Functions Essay

Managers create and uphold an internal environment, commonly called the organization, so that others can work efficiently. In any organization, a manager’s job consists of planning, organizing, staffing, motivating, leading and controlling the resources of the organization. These functions also include counseling and coordinating with subordinates and peers. These resources include people, jobs or positions, technology, facilities and equipment, materials and supplies, information, and money. Managers work in an energetic environment and must foresee and adapt to challenges.† Eight Managerial Functions Planning Planning involves selecting missions and objectives and the actions to achieve them. It requires decision-making. For every organization, planning process is rational and agreeable to the scientific approach to problem solving. It consists of a logical and systematic series of steps. Managers of higher level have to follow these steps: * Define the mission. * Conduct a situation analysis by assessing strengths and weaknesses and identifying opportunities and threats. * Set goals and objectives. * Develop related strategies. * Monitor the plan. Almost every manager, junior or senior is involved in planning process, directly or indirectly.† (Principles of Management) Organizing â€Å"It is that part of managing that involves establishing an intentional structure of roles for people to fill in an enterprise. The purpose of the organizing function is to make the best use of the organization’s resources to achieve organizational goals. Organizational structure is the formal decision-making skeleton by which job tasks are divided, grouped, and harmonized. It is the extent to which the units of the organization are explicitly defined and its policies, procedures, and goals are clearly stated. It is the official organizational structure envisaged and built by top management and supervisors.† (Allen, 1998) Leading It influences people to strive willingly and passionately toward the accomplishment of organization and group goals. Since leadership involves the exercise of influence by one person over others, the quality of leadership showed by supervisors is a critical determinant of organizational success. If a manager is able to influence people to achieve the goals of the organization, without using his or her formal authority to do so, then the manager is demonstrating leadership. Thus, leading is a major part of a manager’s job. Yet a manager must also plan, organize, and control. Generally speaking, leadership deals with the interpersonal aspects of a manager’s job, whereas planning, organizing, and controlling deal with the administrative aspects. (Kevin & Jackie, 1996) Staffing Managers in all types of organizations are responsible for the human resources in their departments. Selecting competent, high-performing employees capable of supporting their performance over the long run is a competitive advantage. The Staffing consists of forecasting employment needs, recruiting candidates, interviewing applicants, and hiring employees. The managers develop a team of job candidates from which to select qualified employees. The local labor market, the type or level of position and the  size of the organization decide which source is used to find prospective job candidates.† (Allen, 1998) Coordinating Manager depends on collaboration from their employees, because without group support, the chance of achievement is slim. Effective supervisors empower employees by giving them more decision making power and by seeking ideas from every worker. He is the liaison with external constituencies such as upper management, other internal teams, customers, and suppliers. It is the supervisor’s job to build and sustain an effective team. Managers, as team leaders, share information, trust others, surrender authority, and understand when to intrude. (Likert, 1967) Motivating Since motivation influences productivity, manager understands what motivates employees to reach maximum performance. It is not an easy task to increase employee motivation because employees respond in different ways to their jobs and their organization’s practices. Motivation is the set of processes that moves a person toward a goal. Thus, motivated behaviors are intentional choices controlled by the individual employee. The supervisor (motivator) wants to influence the factors that motivate employees to higher levels of productivity. Counseling In any organization, managers use controls to help employees achieve objectives. An employee’s problem performance is often related to non-job factors. The supervisor is in the best position to spot and handle problems when they arise. He can use counseling to provide relief for the troubled employee. Counseling is a behavioral control method used by the manager to solve performance problems. As a counselor, the supervisor is a helper, discusses the employee’s private problems that are affecting his or her job performance, aiming to resolve them. The manager helps staff help themselves. Controlling â€Å"Control is the process through which standards for performance of people and processes are set, communicated, and applied. The manager observes what happens and compares that with what was supposed to happen. Efficient control systems allow managers to know how well implementation is going. Since managers are eventually held responsible for their employees’ performance, well-timed feedback on employee activity is essential.† (Allen, 1998) Expected changes in future As time and requirements of an organization change, there is always a need to change managerial functions. Mangers at all levels must anticipate and adapt to changes. In any ordinary but expanding organization the next future change might be to restructure the organization. For this purpose of course more staffing is required and the whole setup and functions will be needed to change according to the particular requirements of organization. Conclusion The job of every manager involves what is known as the functions of management: planning, organizing, staffing, motivating, leading, counseling, coordinating, and controlling. These functions are goal-directed, interrelated and interdependent. The intensity of these functions always changes with the circumstances and requirements of the organization. Works Cited Kevin Freiberg and Jackie Freiberg, 1996 Southwest Airlines Crazy Recipe for Business and Personal Success, 1996 Bard Press Allen, Gemmy, 1998, Modern Management: Supervision. Principles of Management. McGraw Hill Likert, Rensil, 1967 New York McGraw Hill

How you can create your company Essay

We are a company that distributes and sells components, parts and computer equipment, in addition to a full range of electronic and technological equipment. We also provide maintenance and repairing of computers and diagnostic advisory systems. MISSION Providing high technology, communication, entertainment and computing solutions, both businesses and end consumers, always looking for customer satisfaction through competitive prices, variety, availability and speed of delivery, providing excellent care and personalized advice, finding solutions to the needs of our customers VISION Be considered as the best in technology nationwide and on the web, through a system of online catalog that allows customers to easily place their order and proceed to send quickly and safely around the country, ensuring quality and warranty. ORGANIZATION MANAGEMENT TEAM President – Achieve and maintain customer satisfaction highest standards in their innovative products and services. Sales and Marketing – Supplies in the world, delivers added value products and for their customers. Commercial Services – Demonstrate commitment to sustainable development and play an important role in social responsibility. Sales Department – Functions are to prepare plans and sales budgets Customer Service – Its essential for customer service have updated statistics that reveal the opinion of its customers in order to make improvements and solutions PRODUCTS OR SERVICE – CELL PHONES Accessories Batteries Screen Filters – Cables Power Cables KVM Cables Cables for Printer – Tables and Chairs Scarves, CDs Mouse Pads Calculators – Cameras – Desktops – Hard Drives – Electronics – Scanners – Power Supplies – IPods – Games, Consoles – Ram memory – Monitors – Notebooks, netbooks – Cleaning Product – USB products – SD cards VARIOUS PRODUCTS ADVERTISEMENT (TO MAKE PEOPLE KNOW YOUR COMPANY) EVERYTHING YOU NEED TO FIND IT ON TECHNOLOGY

Functionalist And Marxist Perspective On Religion Essay

Also known as the social conflict approach, critique of capitalism. According to Marx, in a capitalist society, religion plays a critical role in maintaining an unequal society, in which certain groups of people have more resources and power than other groups of people. For Marx, Ideology is a belief system that changes people’s perception of reality in ways that serves the interest of the ruling class. He argues that the class that control economic production also controls the production and distribution of ideas in society, through institutions such as churches, education system etc. In Marx’s view religion operates as an ideological weapon used by the ruling class to justify the suffering of the poor as something inevitable and God-given. The Marxist perspective, persist that religion operate as a drug to dull the pain of exploitation, because religion is a distorted view of the world, it can offer no solution to earthly misery. Instead, it promises rewards in the afterlife that creates an illusion of happiness which distracts attention from the true source of suffering, namely capitalism. Marx argued that the ruling class used religion as a tool to keep the less powerful proletariat pacified. He argued that religion was able to do this by promising rewards in the afterlife, instead of in this life. Marx was calling for the proletariat to  discard religion and its deceit about other worldly events, only then would this class of people be able to rise up against the ruling class and gain control of the means of production and only then would they achieve real rewards. Here we can see the social-conflict approach to religious highlights how religion, as a phenomenon of human behaviour functions to maintain social inequality by providing a worldview that justifies oppression. Because Marx was committed to criticizing the prevailing organization of society during his time, he took a particular stance towards religion. He believed that this was a tool of social control used to maintain an unequal society and that it should be abolished. Functionalist perspective on religion (Emile Durkheim) Durkheim outline that all religion share three elements: 1. Beliefs are held by a follower. 2. Practices and Rituals. 3. Moral community. The functionalist perspective states that religion is universal, there are functions that it fulfils for society. It satisfies individual needs and religion give people a sense of identity. These functions are: 1. It provide social unity to help maintain social solidarity through shared rituals and believes. 2. Social control to enforce religious-based morals and norms to help maintain conformity and control in society. 3. Religion offers meaning and purpose to answer question of existence. Durkheim argued that religion acted as a source of solidarity and identification for the individuals within a society. Religion provided a meaning for life, it provided authority figures, and most importantly for Durkheim, it reinforced the morals and social norms held collectively by all within a society. Functionalist saw it as a critical part of the social system, as it provides social control, cohesion, and purpose for people, as well as another means of communication and gathering for individuals to interact and reaffirm social norms. Secondly, Functionalist approach identifies certain elements of religious beliefs that are common across different cultures. A belief in a supernatural realm is not necessary or common among religions, but the separation of different aspects of life, physical things, and certain  behaviors into two categories: 1. Sacred – Objects and behaviors that are considered part of the spiritual or religious world. Knowable through extraordinary experiences. 2. Profane – Everything else in the world that do not have a religious function or hold religious meaning. Knowable through normal empirical observation. Functionalists believe that religion is an agency of socialization, and the role of socialization religion plays is that of cultural learning. It believes that society represents an external limitation as norms and values regulate and limit our behaviour. Both Marxism and Functionalism theories take the macro world view and that elements of human culture must be understood in terms of their relationship to a larger structure. It studies the frameworks of society and how society shaped our behaviour. Marx’s theory of religion needs to be seen in the context of his general view of society, capitalism dominates the working class. Whereas functionalism sees religion as a unifying force and a feature all societies. Marxism sees religion as a feature only of class – divided society.

Importance of International Finance

International Financial Management is unique primarily because the firm must deal in more than its own currency. [2] A multinational is a corporation that has operations in more than one country. [3] It is also called an International Corporation. It ordinarily consists of 1 parent company and about 6 foreign subsidiaries, typically with a high degree of strategic intervention between them. E. G. The Coca Cola Company is a multinational company, selling in more than 200 countries and having net sales of $7169 million in the 1st quarter of 2009. 4] Financial advantages of foreign operations An overseas market provides a larger market and thus, a potential increase in the sales of the firm's products. For some corporations, it might mean a fall in production costs if their opening a subsidiary in a country that offers cheap labor, raw materials or machinery. Also, instead of only exporting goods to other nations, once an NC starts operations in another country, the risk of detrimental laws restricting the sales of their products as well as an increase in the tax on their products, decreases considerably.Exchange rates and their effects An exchange rate is the expression of the value of one currency in terms of another amounts currency. [5] There are two ways of expressing this value: 1. Direct quotation: Domestic Currency / Foreign Currency 2. Indirect quotation: Foreign Currency/ Domestic currency The two methods are different ways of expressing the same thing. Throughout the project, ERE is quoted in direct quotation. Banks in most countries use a system of Foreign Exchange Market and its Fluctuations The volume of international transactions has grown considerably in the past 50-70 years.Trade and investment of this magnitude would be impossible without the ability to buy and sell currencies. The latter must be done for one currency is not the acceptable means of payment in all countries engaged in trade. The foreign exchange market is one of the largest in the world which facilitates the buying and selling of currencies, whose price is determined by the ERE. The market is over-the- counter, I. E. Trade is carried out using computer terminals, telephones, telecoms devices and SWIFT; an international banking communications network that electronically links brokers and traders.It is not confined to any one country but is dispersed throughout the leading financial centers of the world. Participants The major participants are large commercial banks that trade with one another, channeling most currency transactions through the worldwide interbrain market. Their transactions are conducted through foreign exchange brokers, who specialize in matching net supplier and demander banks. The brokers charge a brokerage fee and in return, offer anonymity to both parties and minimize the contact of banks with other traders.Small banks and local offices of major banks have lines of credit with large banks or with the home office. Customers deal with the b ank, which then makes use of the line of credit. Other players are brokers, international money centre banks, central banks of many countries, portfolio managers, foreign exchange brokers, hedgers, traders and speculators. Another actor in the market is the arbitrageur, who seeks to earn risk-free profit by taking advantage of difference in interest rates between countries and make use of forward contracts to eliminate ERE risk.If the value of home currency A decreases relative to the value of currency B, A is a weakening or depreciating currency and B is a strengthening or appreciating currency. ERE quoted indirectly will fall. For the importers of country A, ore of their home currency is required to purchase goods of country B. The vice versa is true for country B. Therefore, the attractiveness of a country's goods and services abroad is Judged by the relative values of the currencies of the importing and exporting countries. Types of Transactions 1 .

'Memory is simply biased, inaccurate history.' Discuss Essay

'Memory is simply biased, inaccurate history.' Discuss - Essay Example Memory denotes a distinctive and new field of study and a new method of conceptualization of the history as a generic field of inquiry (Cubitt, 2007). History is fundamentally remembered by the new generation by reading the accounts of the historians. It is not uncommon to find the pieces of literature giving completely different information from each other though they are all related to the same event. The main reason why there is so much difference between the historic accounts related to the same events is that different historians have made their accounts solely depending on their own memories. This paper discusses the statement â€Å"memory is simply biased, inaccurate history† drawing upon the elements that incorporate biasness in the memory and make its status as history inaccurate. In the recent years, the notion of memory has attained the status of a leading term in the cultural history. The notion of memory is used with varying levels of sophistication and is practic ed more than theorized. It has been used to study the memory of people that experienced such great and memorable events as the Holocaust survivors (Confino, 1997, p. 1386). In addition to that, memory has denoted past’s representation and its making into a knowledge of shared culture by the successive generations in such vehicles of memory as films, books, commemorations, and different forms and mediums of literature. The pageantry surrounding the British monarchy in the manifestations of its public ceremonies are seemingly the most ancient and related to an immemorial past. It is a product of the last two centuries in its modern form. Traditions that claim to be ancient are sometimes invented or are recently made. People who know about the colleges of the ancient British universities can visualize these traditions on a local scale (Hobsbawm, 1983, p. 1). Along with the rapid advancement of the world, the study of nationalism has also undergone a massive transformation in ter ms of scale, quantity, method, and level of sophistication (Anderson, 1983, p. xii). There is a tendency in human beings known as confirmation bias that causes them to favor the information by which their beliefs are confirmed. People make use of the confirmation bias upon collecting or remembering the information in a selective manner or while interpreting the information in a biased manner. Issues that are emotionally charged have a stronger effect as well as for the beliefs that are deeply entrenched. For instance, people generally use the sources that are in favor of their existing attitudes towards and perceptions of politics. Ambiguous evidence is also interpreted as supportive of people’s existing position. Memory, biased research, and interpretation have all been summoned to explain the polarization of behavior when different parties have the same evidence and yet they disagree with one another, perseverance of belief when it persists after the evidence has turned out to be false, illusionary correlation 0when people misunderstand the link between different events and situations, and the irrational primacy effect that refers to a greater reliance on the earlier encountered information in a series. During the 1960s, a series of experiments showed how biased people are toward supporting their current beliefs. Results of these researches were re-interpreted later as a tendency to evaluate the concepts in a one-sided

Color Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Color - Research Paper Example Color may be quantified and described by the extent to which they stimulate different types of cone cells (Travis, 2003). This is because color perception stems from different spectrum sensitivity of various cone cells in the retina to various parts of the spectrum. The physiological or physical color quantifications do not fully describe the color appearance and its psychophysical perception. The science of color is referred to as chromatography, color science or chromatics (Farndon, 2003). It involves color perception by the brain and human eye. Human perception of color originates from composites of light, photons’ energy spectrum entering the eye. The retina contains photosensitive cells on the back of the eye’s the inner surface. These photosensitive cells are composed of pigments absorbing visible light (Savage, 1998). There are two classes of photosensitive cells: cones and rods. Cones are responsible for human ability to distinguish between various colors (Klein er, 2004). On the other hand, the rods sense light intensity variations and are effective in dim light. Rods sense the flux of no photon energy, the incident photons. Therefore, whenever there is a dim light, human eye do not perceive colored objects as shades of color, but as shades of grey (Travis, 2003). Diagram of color and light Perception of color in the retina is done by photoreceptor cones which are sensitive to photons whose energy widely extend beyond the green, blue, and red spectrum portions (Kleiner, 2004). Color vision is often possible because of the differing photon energy sensitivity of the sets of cones (Savage, 1998). For every flux of photons or color signal, a ration of response in the different sets of cones is triggered. This ration is what permits color perception. During the day, human vision is effectively mostly in the blue-green where the spectrum of the sun is in its maximum region (Travis, 2003). Color sensation primarily depends on light composition, a mixture of colored light and white light (in itself can be wavelength mixture, like purple’s case) (Farndon, 2003). The colored light may have dominant hue or wavelength. The degree to which the wavelength dominates is referred to as chroma, saturation. This saturation, chroma decreases as the white light deletes the wavelength. There are 3 receptors that respond to various wavelengths in the eye. This results in attempts to chart colors via e primary lights mixture. A good number of colors are produces through mixing lights originating from the 3 primary lights. However, not all colors can be produced in this manner (Savage, 1998). Color vision development in human beings is an interesting process of evolution (Kleiner, 2004). The human eye is not in a linear straightforward development. Development of color vision begins as a light sensitive pigment and then differentiates on a smaller creature to create structures that are sensitive to light (Savage, 1998). These light se nsitive structures disperse in the forming eyeball and turns to be the retina. Initially, retina was like a moving sensor. However, it developed the ability to delineate fine details and to see color. The evolution of the eye and color perception is a standard development seen in all vertebrates and many non-vertebrates. So what is color? Why does retina develop ability to see color? (Farndon, 2003). Color is a visual perception that corresponds in human to the categories referred to as blue,